National Hugging Day Hug Everyone Has Experienced 21 January

National Hugging Day tm - When is National Hug Day 2017

National Hugging Day is an annual event dedicated to hugging. It was created by Kevin Zaborney and occurs annually on January 21. The day was first celebrated on January 21, 1986 in Clio, Michigan, USA.The holiday is also observed in many other countries. The idea of National Hug Day is to encourage everyone to hug family and friends more often. Zaborney cautions to ask first if one is unsure of the response.

When is National Hug your Crush Day - Huggable Hero Of All Shares Benefits Of Hugging!

Babies need hugs as much as water and food! According to researchers at Harvard University, hugs help promote normal levels of cortisol necessary for child development.

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Hugs make us better students! Students who receive a supportive touch from a teacher are twice as likely to volunteer in class.

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Hugs improve our game! Scientists at University of California, Berkley discovered that the more affectionate members of a team are with each other, the more likely they are to win.



A hug a day keeps the doctor away! A hug stimulates the thymus gland, which in turn regulates the production of white blood cells that keep us healthy and disease-free.

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A hug stops the bug! Researchers at Carnegie Mellon proved that individuals who were sick and received hugs had less severe symptoms and were able to get better quicker.

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A hugging heart is a healthy heart! Research from University of North Carolina showed that a good hug helps ease blood flow and lower cortisol levels, which in turn help lower our heart rates.

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A hugging couple is a happy couple! Couples that experience their partners� love through physical affection share higher oxytocin levels.

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Hugs let someone know you care without having to say a word! According to Dacher Keltner, professor of psychology at University of California, Berkeley, we can identify love from simple human touch � imagine how much love a big hug can communicate!

Hug Everyone Has Experienced - National Hugging Day

Awkward hug

No matter how cool you think you are, you have been the victim of at least one of these in the last month. This type of hug is usually a surprise, a physical interaction that catches you off guard, and there is a strong possibility that there will be a misplaced kiss in there somewhere.
Typically occurs around your partner�s parents.

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Bear hug

In cooler months this type of hug is hugely welcomed. But only from people who smell nice.
bear hug

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Side hug

When you have no idea on how to handle a social situation, you decide to opt in for a quick slip around a person�s back/waist/shoulder and pray that this gesture is affectionate enough.
These types of hugs peaked during your awkward teenage years around relatives during the festive period.

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The pat

For those times when you really cannot be bothered with physical touching so you give a small but firm tap on the back. This is a touch which you have perfected, and you are careful to apply the exact type of pressure to constitute a hug, and never slip into the territory of shoving someone.
Usually opted for when you are hungover. Or in a rush, and followed by a wave.

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The awful hug

Awful hugs are not incidents when you have to hug someone that you don�t really like, these are a breeze in comparison to an actual awful hug.
Awful hugs are when you have to hug someone who smells, and afterwards you feel as though their pungent odour has now transferred on to you. It probably has, and now you smell like the zoo.


The physical hug

A hug reserved for someone you fancy, and is one that gives you butterflies because it could always lead to something more. Great result at the end of the date, and can only be topped by a hug from behind.

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Flying hug

These types of hugs are the stuff of rom-coms, and sadly have never been recreated in real life.
Not even at the airport, during Christmas as movies would have you believe. No-one is ever that happy to see each other in real life.

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Spinning hug

When you are hugged, lifted up and then spun around. Not welcomed after the age of 5, and should never be attempted in a club because it will end in at least one broken bone and being escorted off the premises by a bouncer. Please unfriend anyone who decides to do this to you.



Tight hugs

Parents and grandparents are the worst offenders for these. They engage in tight hugs, aka the crusher hug because it�s their way of trying to shrink you back into your childhood form, when you were obviously way cuter and easier to stop from making bad decisions.

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Bro hug

These involve a complex set of actions starting off with a weird handshake or fist bump and then ends with patting and no eye contact.

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Presidential Inauguration 2017 Who is Performing at Donald Trump's

Inauguration Day 2017 Federal Holiday - Presidential Inaugural Committee 2017

The inauguration of the President of the United States is a ceremony to mark the commencement of a new four-year term of a president of the United States. An inauguration ceremony takes place for each term of a president, even if the president continues in office for a second term. Since 1937, Inauguration Day takes place on January 20 following a presidential election. The term of a president commences at noon (ET) on that day, when the Chief Justice administers the oath to the president. However, when January 20 falls on a Sunday, the Chief Justice administers the oath to the president on that day privately and then again in a public ceremony the next day, on Monday, January 21. The most recent public presidential inauguration ceremony was the swearing in of President Barack Obama to begin his second four-year term in office, which took place on Monday, January 21, 2013.

The only inauguration element mandated by the United States Constitution is that the president make an oath or affirmation before that person can "enter on the Execution" of the office of the presidency. However, over the years, various traditions have arisen that have expanded the inauguration from a simple oath-taking ceremony to a day-long event, including parades, speeches, and balls.

From the presidency of Andrew Jackson through that of Jimmy Carter, the primary Inauguration Day ceremony took place on the Capitol's East Portico.Since the 1981 inauguration of Ronald Reagan, the ceremony has been held at the Capitol's West Front. The inaugurations of William Howard Taft in 1909 and Reagan in 1985 were moved inside the Capitol because of cold, wintry weather. The inaugurations of 1817 and 1945 were held at other locations in Washington, D.C. (for very different reasons) due to the War of 1812 and World War II respectively.

Although the Constitution does not mandate that anyone in particular should administer the presidential oath of office, it is typically administered by the chief justice. Since 1789, the oath has been administered at 57 scheduled public inaugurations, by 15 chief justices, one associate justice, and one New York state judge. Others, in addition to the chief justice, have administered the oath of office to several of the nine vice presidents who succeeded to the presidency upon their predecessor's death or resignation intra-term. When a new president assumed office under these circumstances the inauguration is kept low key, and conducted without pomp or fanfare.

Presidential Inaugural History

Historic inauguration with spectators with umbrellas, and the words
The peaceful transfer of power that has occurred on every U.S. Inauguration Day is a hallmark of our country's democracy.

Did you know that the first President of the United States, George Washington, delivered the shortest inaugural address at 135 words? Or that William McKinley's 1901 inauguration was the first one to be filmed?

1.Learn where and when each U.S. President took the oath of office.

2.Find out who swore in each President, what the President said in his inaugural addresses, and even what the weather was like that day.

3.Read the first inaugural address of 1789, and see historic documents related to early Presidential inaugurations.

4.View Presidents' drafts of their inaugural addresses, as well as memorabilia such as tickets, programs, photographs, and sheet music.

Interested in Vice Presidential inauguration history? Read about historic dates and details, including where Vice Presidents were sworn in and by whom.

When is inauguration day?

Mr Trump will become the 45th US president on inauguration day on January 20, 2017. He will be sworn into office at 5pm GMT, or 12pm local time.

The Republican will replace outgoing president Barack Obama after winning the US election in November with 304 electoral college votes.

The billionaire property developer has already visited the White House to discuss the transfer of power and has announced his first cabinet appointments.

Who will perform at the inauguration?

Musical performances will come Sam Moore of soul duo Sam and Dave, US country music star Toby Keith and rock band 3 Doors Down.

Jackie Evancho � a 16-year-old singer who first appeared on America�s Got Talent � is slated to sing the national anthem.

Also present will be the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, The Piano Guys and the Rockettes dancing troupe.

Angelina Jolie�s father Jon Voight has been confirmed as a performer and is thought be reading a speech.

2017 Presidential Inaugural Parade

Following the arrival of the presidential entourage to the White House, it is customary for the president, vice-president, their respective families and leading members of the government and military to review an Inaugural Parade from an enclosed stand at the edge of the North Lawn. The parade, which proceeds along the 1.5 miles of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the stand and the Front Lawn in view of the presidential party, features both military and civilian participants from all 50 states and the District of Columbia; this parade largely evolved from the post-inaugural procession to the White House, and occurred as far back as the second Jefferson inauguration, when shipmen from the Washington Navy Yard and musicians accompanied Jefferson on foot as he rode on horseback from the Capitol to the White House. This was expanded in 1837 with horse-drawn displays akin to parade floats being paraded with the president, and the 1847 inaugural ceremonies, including the procession, parade and festivities, were the first to be organized by an official organizing committee. However, the 1829 inauguration of Andrew Jackson saw serious overcrowding of the White House by well-wishers during the "Open House" held following the inauguration. The 1885 inauguration of Grover Cleveland saw the post-inaugural Open House evolve into a presidential review of the troops from a grandstand in front of the White House. Since 1885, the presidential review has included both military and civilian contingencies. The 1953 Parade was the largest and most elaborate ever staged.The presidential review has also made milestones, with the 1865 parade being the first to include African-Americans, the 1917 parade being the first to include female participants, and the 2009 parade being the first to include openly lesbian and gay participants.

The Presidential Medal of Freedom 

Beginning with George Washington, there has been a traditional association with Inauguration festivities and the production of a presidential medal. With the District of Columbia attracting thousands of attendees for inauguration, presidential medals were an inexpensive souvenir for the tourists to remember the occasion. However, the once-simple trinket turned into an official presidential election memento. In 1901, the first Inauguration Committee on Medals and Badges was established as part of the official Inauguration Committee for the re-election of President McKinley. The Committee saw official medals as a way to raise funding for the festivities. Gold medals were to be produced as gifts for the president, vice president, and committee chair; silver medals were to be created and distributed among Inauguration Committee members; and bronze medals would be for sale for public consumption. McKinley's medal was simple with his portrait on one side and writing on the other side.

Unlike his predecessor, when Theodore Roosevelt took his oath of office in 1905, he found the previous presidential medal unacceptable. As an art lover and admirer of the ancient Greek high-relief coins, Roosevelt wanted more than a simple medal�he wanted a work of art. To achieve this goal, the president hired Augustus Saint-Gaudens, a famous American sculptor, to design and create his inauguration medal. Saint-Gaudens's obsession with perfection resulted in a forestalled release and the medals were distributed after the actual inauguration. However, President Roosevelt was very pleased with the result.

Saint-Gaudens' practice of creating a portrait sculpture of the newly elected president is still used today in presidential medal creation. After the president sits for the sculptor, the resulting clay sketch is turned into a life mask and plaster model. Finishing touches are added and the epoxy cast that is created is used to produce the die cuts. The die cuts are then used to strike the president's portrait on each medal. The most recent Presidential Inauguration Medal released was for President Obama in 2013.

The Smithsonian Institution and The George Washington University hold the two most complete collections of presidential medals in the United States.

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Speech on Subhash Chandra Bose In Hindi - 23 January Speech In Hindi

???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? - Subhash Chandra Bose Speech Hindi Me

?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? | ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? |

?????? ?? ???? 23 January 1897 ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? | ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? | ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????| ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? 2 ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? 1919 ??? ?? ? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? |

??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? 6 ????? ?? ??????? ??? | 1938 ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? (????????) ?? ?????? ???? ??? | 29 ????? 1941 ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? | ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????????????? ?? ???? ??-??-?? ?? ?????? ?? |???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? |

?????? ???? ?? �??? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??????? ????? ?????�|????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? | ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? | ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? |

?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? | ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? | ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? |

Speech on Subhash Chandra Bose In Hindi - Subhash Chandra Bose Bashan

??????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??.| ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??. �??????� ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??.| ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? 23 January 1897 ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.| ???? ???? ?? ????-???? ???? ??.???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???.?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????, ????? ??????????, ??? ??????, ????, ???? ?? ???? ??????, ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??. ?????????? ??? ???? ????-???? ?? 9 ??? ?????? ??? 5 ??? ????? ??.|

???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???. | ????? Indian Civil Services ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????.| ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.| ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??.| ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??. |?? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??-?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??, ???? ???? ?? ???? ??.|

?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??, ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??, ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????-??-???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??. |????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????.| ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????.| ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???-???, ???-???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????.| ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??.|
????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??.|

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History Robert E Lee's Birthday - Robert E Lee Birthday Holiday

Robert E Lee 2017 - Robert E Lee Death Date

Robert E. Lee was born January 19, 1807 at "Stratford" in Westmoreland County. Continuing in the military tradition of his father, Lee entered West Point in 1825 and graduated second in his class in 1829. Serving various military duties in Georgia, Virginia, New York, Texas, and Mexico over the next 23 years, Lee's reputation increased in recognition and respectability, and in 1852 he was named superintendant of West Point. From February of 1860 until February of 1861, Lee commanded the Department of Texas -- the largest number of troops he had ever commanded. It was during this time that the secession movment began, and Lee had to evaluate his position as a Whig devoted to the Union and as a Virginian. At this point, he did not agree with the political and economic arguments for Southern independence. Though, unfortunate as the choice was, if pressed to choose between fighting for Virginia or for the Union, Lee realized the decision would be simple. Lee's loyalities proved to be on the side of the South because of his family tradition in and association with the state of Virginia.

On April 18, 1861 Lee was offered field command of the United States Army. On the following day, he received word that Virginia had seceeded from the Union; he submitted his letter of resignation from the United States Army on April 20. Three days later, Lee accepted the position of commander of Virginia forces. From this point onward, Lee's identity became intrinsically linked to the Confederate cause. At the age of 55, on May 31, 1862, Robert E. Lee was assigned to command the troops which he named "The Army of Northern Virginia". During the Civil War he worked closely with Jefferson Davis, J.E.B. Stuart. He is best known for his victories in the Battle of second Manassas (second Bull Run), and the Battle of Chancellorsville. Named General-In-Chief of all Confederate Armies on February 6, 1865, his tenure in this position was cut short by his surrender to General Grant at the Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, thus ending the Civil War.

After the war, Lee returned to Richmond. During the last five years of his life, he served as President of Washington College in Lexington, Virginia, and he was indicted for treason though never brought to trial. Lee was stricken on September 28, 1870 in Lexington and died a few weeks later on October 12. Robert E. Lee was buried in Lexington and remembered as an educator, a soldier, and a Christian gentleman who lived his life with dignity. Lee has been compared to General George Washington in terms of the respect which he earned from his soldiers, his region, and the nation.



An article on Gen. Robert E. Lee written by James Robertson and used with his permission:



�Lee the hero through time�

Americans used to crave heroes. Our country used to thrive on them. Not anymore. Today it is open season on the great figures�largely, one suspects, because we have no truly outstanding figures in our society. Robert E. Lee offers a strong example of the decline.

Once upon a time, when one considered Lee, eyes naturally lifted. So did the mind. That reverence is now under attack largely because a mountain is a mystery when one looks only at the low lands. Our generations tend to have eyes fixed on the ground; we appear incapable of viewing the heights. As a result, too many Americans have grown deaf to the silence of Robert E. Lee. That is sad, not for Lee, but for us.

The very words that Lee used�gentleman, honor, duty, and valor�have a quaint sound these days because they are unfamiliar terms. Cynics sneer that no one like Lee could have existed. They say this because no one like Lee exists now. Winston Churchill observed that there was about Lee �a quality of selflessness which raises him to the very highest rank of men � who have been concerned with the fortunes of nations.�

Here was a man who did not exult in victory or rationalize in defeat. At Chancellorsville, his greatest triumph, Lee stood among the cheers of his soldiers but his thoughts were of his wounded lieutenant, �Stonewall� Jackson. At Fredericksburg, he watched a Confederate victory that was close to a massacre and sighed: �It is well that war is so terrible; else we should grow too fond of it.� After the failure of the Pickett-Pettigrew assault at Gettysburg, Lee rode among the survivors and sought to reassure them by saying: �All this is my fault.� At Appomattox, he was most intent not about personal redemption but about what terms of surrender he could secure for his starved and exhausted army.

It was because of Lee that the Confederacy lived as long as it did. It is because of Lee that modern America lives at all. Trapped at Appomattox, Lee could have ordered his army to disperse, take to the hills, and wage guerrilla warfare. Such a strategy would have obliterated the American dream, and Lee would have none of it. The South had waged war honorably, he said. Just as honorably must the South accept defeat? Thus, in the last, indomitable act of his military career, Lee ordered the Army of Northern Virginia into history.

Lee was the one man, the only man, who could exercise decisive influence over a defeated Southern people; and from the day he affixed his signature to surrender documents, to that cold October morning five and a half years later when death came in Lexington, Lee�s course was as consistent as it was commendable.

Just weeks after the Civil War ended, Lee announced that the duty of all countrymen should be to �unite in honest efforts to obliterate the effects of war, and to restore the blessings of peace.� Lee became the model of that conciliatory spirit. The general never wrote his memoirs: he felt no need to justify the course he had taken on behalf of his native state or his conduct as a commander in the field.

Nor would he re-fight the war to any measurable extent. He silently endured hateful attacks from those who thought him a traitor; he made no response to the vengefulness of a federal congress that refused to restore his citizenship. Lee accepted the verdict of arms as conclusive and would have no truck with those Southerners who assumed an irreconcilable attitude. To a mother complaining that her offspring wished to go north to college, Lee responded quietly: �Madame, forget your animosities, and make your sons Americans.�

He was�without a doubt�the icon of the Confederacy, the personification of all that had been good and courageous and noble about the Southern quest for independence. More importantly, Lee achieved victory in defeat by pointing the way for his own and subsequent ages toward a better, united country.

At his death in 1870, hundreds of tributes expectantly came from Southern states. However, expressions of admiration flowed as well from the North. None was as moving as the lines composed by Julia Ward Howe, the poet who had inspired Union soldiers with the stirring lyrics of �The Battle Hymn of the Republic.� Mrs. Howe said of Lee: �A gallant foeman in the fight / A brother when the fight was done / And so, thy soldier grave beside / we honor thee, Virginia�s son.�

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International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day, Indian Voter Day

25th January - National Voter's Day - Indian Custom Duty

A meeting of the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, approved a Law Ministry proposal to this effect, Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni told reporters.

Observing that new voters, who have attained the age of 18 years, were showing less interest in getting enrolled in the electoral rolls, she said the level of their enrollment was as low as 20 to 25 per cent in certain cases.

"In order to effectively deal with this problem, the Election Commission has decided to take up a vigorous exercise to identify all eligible voters attaining the age of 18 years as of January 1 every year in each of the 8.5 lakh polling stations across the country," she said.

Such eligible voters would be enrolled on time and handed over their Electoral Photo Identity Card (EPIC) on January 25 every year, Soni said, adding this initiative is expected to give the youth a sense of empowerment, pride and inspire them to exercise their franchise.

The new voters would be provided with a badge with its logo "Proud to be a voter - Ready to vote", she said.The theme of NVD 2016 is �Inclusive and qualitative participation� reiterating the commitment towards reaching out to the last voter and promoting informed and ethical voting. The slogan 'No Voter to be left behind' has been coined to further emphasis the focus on inclusiveness. The National Awards are being conferred for excellence, proficiency and innovation in election processes and procedures. These awards recognize contribution by election machinery, government department/ agency/ PSU, CSO and media said.The greatest joy is seen in young voters of India.

On the fourth National Voters Day, a disability activist Satendra Singh's RTI caught Election Commission of India off-guard when they were found violating Supreme Court orders to enfranchise voters with disability.

What is Custom Duty? Custom Duty in India

Custom duty is a variant of indirect tax and is applicable on all goods imported and a few goods exported out of the country. Duties levied on import of goods are termed as import duty while duties levied on exported goods are termed as export duty. Countries around the world levy custom duties on import/export of goods as a means to raise revenue and/or shield domestic institutions from predatory or efficient competitors from other countries.

Customs duty is levied as per the value of goods or dimensions, weight and other such criteria according to the goods in question. If duties are based on the value of goods, then they are called as ad valorem duties, while quantity/weight based duties are called specific duties. Compound duties on goods are a combination of value as well as various other factors.

Types of Custom Duty

Custom duties are levied almost universally on all goods imported into the country. Export duties are levied on a few goods as specified under the Second Schedule. Import duties are not levied on a few items including lifesaving drugs/equipment, fertilizers, food grains etc. Import duties are further divided into basic duty, additional customs duty, true countervailing duty, protective duty, education cess and anti-dumping duty or safeguard duty.

Basic Custom Duty

Basic custom duty is applicable on imported items that fall under the ambit of Section 12 of the Customs Act, 1962. These duties are levied at the rates prescribed in First Schedule to Customs Tariff Act, 1975, under the terms specified in Section 2 of the act. The levied rates may be standard or preferential as per the country of import.

Additional Customs Duty (Countervailing Duty (CVD))

This duty is levied on imported items under Section 3 of Customs Tariff Act, 1975. It is equal to the Central Excise Duty that is levied on similar goods produced within India. This duty is calculated on the aggregate value of goods including BDC and landing charges.

Protective Duty

Protective duty may be imposed to shield the domestic industry against imports at a rate recommended by the Tariff Commissioner.

Education Cess

This duty is levied at 2% and higher education cess at another 1% of aggregate of customs duties.

Anti-dumping Duty

Anti-dumping duty may be imposed if the good being imported is at below fair market price, and is limited to the difference between export and normal price (dumping margin).

Safeguard Duty

Safeguard duty is levied if the government feels that a sudden increase in exports can potentially damage the domestic industry.



Sixth National Voters Day (NVD) is celebrated across India on January 25. Since 2011, NVD is annually celebrated on January 25. The significance of this day is to encourage youngsters, who have reached the age of 18, of the country to participate in the electoral process, by enrolling or registering themselves in electoral rolls and to exercise their franchise.

Theme : �Inclusive and Qualitative Participation�

Slogan: �No voter should be left behind�.

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26 January Republic Day History In HIndi - Information Republic Day

26 January Republic Day Essay in Hindi ??????? ????

???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? 26 ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? 1950 ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???

?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???, 26 ?????? 1949 ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? 26 ????? 1950 ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? 26 ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? 1930 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? (??? ??? ???) ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??, ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????

??????? ???? Republic Day 26 january Information

??????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???-????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???-??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 15 ?????, 1947 ?? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? 1950 ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? 26 ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????

?????? History of Republic Day In Hindi

?? 1929 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? 26 ????? 1930 ?? ???? ?? ???????????????? (????????) ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? 26 ????? 1930 ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? 1947 ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? 26 ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? 15 ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? 26 ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? (?????????????? ???????) ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???

?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????

????          ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???                                                 ???????? ???

2017 ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????                  ??? ????
2016 ??????????, ????????? ?????                                                              ??????
2015 ??????????, ???? ?????                                                             ?????
2014 ????????????, ?????? ???                                                             ?????
2013 ????, ?????? ???? ???????? ???????                                             ?????
2012 ????????????, ??????? ?????????                                                     ???????
2011 ??????????, ?????? ????? ??????????                                            ??????????
2010 ??????????, ?? ?????? ??                                                            ?????? ???????
2009 ??????????, ????????? ???????                                                     ???????????
2008 ??????????, ?????? ??????                                                     ??????
2007 ??????????, ????????? ?????                                                            ???
2006 ????, ????????? ??? ????????????? ??-???                             ???? ???????
2005 ????, ?????? ????? ???????                                                             ?????
2004 ?????????, ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????                                     ???????
2003 ?????????, ???????? ?????                                                      ????
2002 ?????????, ???? ????                                                             ??????
2001 ?????????, ??????????? ??????????                                             ????????
2000 ?????????, ???????? ????????                                                      ?????????
1999 ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???                                              ?????
1998 ??????????, ????? ?????                                                               ??????
1997 ????????????, ??????? ??????                                                        ????????? ?? ??????
1996 ??????????, ?? ??????? ?????? ???????                                          ???????
1995 ??????????, ?????? ??????                                                                ?????? ???????
1994 ????????????, ??? ??? ????                                                                ????????
1993 ????????????, ??? ????                                                                 ????
1992 ??????????, ?????? ?????                                                                         ????????
1991 ??????????, ????? ?????? ????                                                         ??????
1990 ????????????, ???????? ??????                                                         ??????
1989 ????? ??? ????                                                                                ???????
1988 ??????????, ?????? ??????????                                                         ????????
1987 ??????????, ???? ????????                                                                  ????
1986 ????????????, ????????? ?????????                                                         ?????
1985 ??????????, ??? ?????????                                                               ???????????
1984 ???? ?????? ????? ???????                                                              ?????
1983 ??????????, ???? ?????                                                                       ?????????
1982 ????, ??? ??????? ?????                                                                ?????
1981 ??????????, ??? ?????? ??????????                                                       ????????
1980 ??????????, ????? ????????? ? ????????                                                ??????
1979 ????????????, ??????? ???????                                                       ???????????
1978 ??????????, ??????? ??????                                                               ???????
1977 ????? ????, ?????? ?????                                                        ???????
1976 ????????????, ????? ?????                                                               ??????
1975 ??????????, ????? ?????                                                                      ???????
1974 ??????????, ????? ????? ????                                                             ????????????
????????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????                                              ????????
1973 ??????????, ?????? ??? ????                                                                 ????
1972 ????????????, ???????? ????????                                                       ??????
1971 ??????????, ?????? ???????                                                               ????????
1970 � �
1969 ????????????, ???? ??????                                                               ??????????
1968 ????????????, ??????? ????????                                                     ?????? ??????
                    ??????????, ????? ????? ????                                                       ????????????
1967 � �
1966 � �
1965 ????? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????                                       ?????????
1964 � �
1963 ????, ?????? ?????                                                               ????????
1962 � �
1961 ????, ????????? ???????                                                                ????
1960 ??????????, ???????? ?????????                                                       ?????? ???
1959 � �
1958 ?????? ?? ?????????                                                                         ???
1957 � �
1956 � �
1955 ?????? ????, ???? ????? ???????                                       ?????????
1954 ????, ?????? ????? ???????                                                         ?????
1953 � �
1952 � �
1951 � �
1950 ??????????, ????????                                                                                ??????????

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? 9 Tommy Cooper One Liners Jokes
? Heart Touching Love Poems in Hindi
? Love Anniversary Shayari

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Why Do We Celebrate Republic Day 2017 - History of Repubic Day

Republic Day Celebrations - Republic Day 2017 Chief Guest

Republic Day honors the date on which the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India.

The Constitution was adopted by the Indian Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system, completing the country's transition towards becoming an independent republic. 26 January was chosen as the Republic day because it was on this day in 1930 when the Declaration of Indian Independence (Purna Swaraj) was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress as opposed to the Dominion status offered by the British Regime.

Republic Day in India - Happy Republic Day 2017

Republic day in India is celebrated every year with great honour on 26th of January to honour the Constitution of India as it came into force on the same day in the year 1950. It had replaced the Government of India Act, 1935 into the governing document of the India. At this day, a national holiday is declared by the Indian Government. The new Indian constitution was sketched and approved by the Indian Constituent Assembly and decided to celebrate it on 26th of January every year as India became a republic country.

History of Republic Day - Celebrating Republic Day 2017

India achieved independence from British rule on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement noted for largely peaceful non-violent resistance and civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations): India and Pakistan.India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates of coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947.The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later, it came into effect throughout the whole nation.

How Republic Day is Celebrated

Events and celebrations are organized with great effort by the Government of India already to celebrate the Republic Day in the Capital. A huge and grand military parade is held in the New Delhi at Rajpath as well as the state capitals. Participants from the Indian Army, Air Force, Navy and traditional dance group takes part in the parades.

Parade held in the New Delhi starts especially when prime minister of the India offer garland at the Amar Jawan Jyoti at the India Gate. It is done to commemorate all the sacrifices of the Indian army soldiers while saving their country. The military salute is taken by the President of India during the parade in the Capital whereas military salute is taken by the state governors in the state capitals. At this special day, a foreign head of the state become chief guest of the president.

National awards (Maha Veer Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Param Veer Chakra, Veer Chakra) and bravery medals are also distributed at this day to the soldiers of armed forces, common people and students from the school. Armed forces helicopters do parade in the surrounding area of the India Gate to shower the rose petals over audience. A dance parade by singing patriotic songs is also performed by the school children. Armed Forces staff performs the motorcycle rides whereas the staff from the Indian Air Force perform fly parade through the fighter planes (making tri color of the Indian Flag by the smoke) for offering the honour salute to the president.

A range of traditional and cultural programs are performed by the professionals from different states to focus the history and culture of the country. During this grand celebration, a prime minister�s rally and Lok Tarang-National Folk Dance Festival is also held from 24th of January to the 29th of January.

All the Government and non Government offices of the nation and state including post offices, banks are closed at this day. Special security is organized at this day because of the huge crowed and prevent the common people from any problem.

Importance of Celebrating 26 January

Republic Day is the symbol of true spirit for the independent India where military parades, exhibiting military equipments, salute to the national flag by the Indian president and variety of events are take place at this day. Indian national flag has horizontally tricolour (upper saffron, middle white and bottom of dark green colour divided in the equal proportion) and a wheel (navy blue colour, having 24 spokes) in the centre representing the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.

India is a country having people of different cultures, societies, religions and languages who interplay with each other harmoniously. Independence to the India is the great pride as it was obtained over years after facing a variety of obstacles and hurdles.

The day is celebrated every year to feel the Indian people very proud for living in the multi cultural and independent country. Republic Day is celebrated in very colourful and exhilarating ways in order to make memorable and significant celebration of the year. National Anthem is sing by the people participated in the celebration. This celebration brings all the Indian people together at one place and thinks at one topic.

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? 9 Tommy Cooper One Liners Jokes
? Heart Touching Love Poems in Hindi
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Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose History In Hindi - Shiksha, Congress, Azad Hind, Death

Information Netaji subhash chandra bose In Hindi - ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????????

???? ???  � ?????????? ???????? ???

????      �  23 ????? 1897

?????????  �  ??? (?????).

????       �  ????????.

????       �  ???????? ????.

??????      � *1919 ??? ??.?. *1920 ??? ??.??.??. ??????? ????????.

????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose In Hindi

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Biography in Hindi ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????

????? ?????? ??? (???????: ????? ?????? ??? ???????: ????? ???????? ????, ????: 23 ????? 1897, ??????: 18 ????? 1945) ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???, ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????, ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? "??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????" ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????

??? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? 1941 ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???

???? ?? ?? 5 ????? 1943 ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? '??????? ???????' ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? "?????? ???!" ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????

21 ??????? 1943 ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????, ????????, ??????, ???, ????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????

1944 ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 4 ?????? 1944 ?? 22 ??? 1944 ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ????

6 ????? 1944 ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????

?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????? 18 ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1945 ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????

16 ????? 2014 (???????) ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????

?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???

??? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? 1909 ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 1915 ??? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? 1916 ??? ?? ?? ???????????? (?????) ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ????? 49??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? 1919 ??? ??? (?????) ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???

???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? 15 ??????? 1919 ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? (?????) ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? 1920 ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???

???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????[7] ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????-????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? 22 ?????? 1921 ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? "????, ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???" ????? ??? 1921 ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? (?????) ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????

?????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????

??? 1934 ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? (??: Emilie Schenkl) ??? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????[8] ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1942 ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? 1945 ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???, ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???[9][10] ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? (??: Anita Bose Pfaff) ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???-??? ???? ?? ??? ???

Subhash Chandra Bose With Indian National Congress

???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? �??????� ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? | Subhash Chandra Bose ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? | 1923 ??? ?????? �???? ?????? ???? ????????� ?? ??????? ?? �????? ?????? ????????� ?? ???? ???? ??? | ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? �Forward� ?? ?????? ?? | ??? ?? �??????? ??? ????�?? ??.?.?. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? | ?????????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1925 ??? ??? Subhash Chandra Bose ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? |

1927 ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? |1928 ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? | ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? | 1930 ?? ???? ??? ??? Subhash Chandra Bose ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? | ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? .???????? ?? ??????? ???? |

?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? �The Indian Struggle� ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? 1920�1934 ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? | ???? ?? ????? 1935 ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? |1938 ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? |

???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????

1938 ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???

1939 ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????

?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1580 ?? ?? ??????????? ?? 1377 ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? 203 ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? 14 ??? ?? 12 ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????

1939 ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 29 ?????? 1939 ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????

???? ????? ??? ?? ???

??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? 1939 ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? | ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? | ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? | ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? | ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? | ??? ??? Subhash Chandra Bose ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? |

?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? | 1943 ??? ?? ?????? � ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? | ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? Subhash Chandra Bose ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? | ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? | ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? �??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? �| ???? ????? Subhash Chandra Bose ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? �?????? ???� ?? �?? ?????� ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? |  ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? |

6 ????? 1944 ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? �??????????? � ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? | ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? |

????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???

??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? 18 ????? 1945 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????

23 ????? 1945 ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? 18 ????? ?? ??????? (?????? ????: ??????, Taihoku Teikoku Daigaku) ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????[13] ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? 18 ????? 1945 ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? 21.00 ??? ??? ???[14]

??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? 1956 ?? 1977 ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???

1999 ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? 2005 ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? 1945 ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? 2005 ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????

18 ????? 1945 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????

??? ?? ???-??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???

?? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????

1) 1921 ??? ?????????? ??? / Subhash Chandra Bose ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??.??.??. ??????? ??.

2) 1924 ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ??? ???? ???  ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.

3) 1927 ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???. ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???.

4) ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ????. 1929 ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????.

5) 1938 ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???.

6) 1939 ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??. ??????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??. ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? �??????? ?????� ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????.

7) ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????�.??? ?????? ?? ???? ??. ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???. ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???. 15 ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ???. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???.

8) ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??. ?????? ??? �???? ???? ????? ??????� ???? ????. ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???.

9) ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???. ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ???????, ????????, ???????? ???. ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?? ????????? �?????? ??????????? ???� (????? ????????? ???) ?????? ???? ???? ??. ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? �???? ???? ????� ???????? ?????? ?? ??. ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????. ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????. ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???.

10) 1943 ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? �???? ???? ?????� ?? ??????? ????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ?? �???? ?????� ?? ??????? ?? �???????? ?????� ??? ??? ????. ?????????? ?????, ?????? ???, ????? ????? ????, ??. ??????? ?????????? ???. ???? ??? ?? ???? ??. ??. ??????? ?????? ???? ?? �???? ?? ????� ??? ?? ?????? ??. �?????? ?????� ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? �??????� ?? ??????? ?? ????, �??? ??????� ?? ??? ????? ?? �??? ??? ????? ??� ?? ?????? ??. ??? ???? ?? 1943 ?? 1945 ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????.

11) ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????. ?? ???????? ??? 18 ????? 1945 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???.

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